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  1. Home
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  5. European Oak

Quercus robur

European Oak

The default European hardwood for furniture, joinery and architectural slabs. Open grain, calm colour, predictable behaviour at the bench.

Grown commercially in EuropeFamily: Fagaceae
European Oak
European Oak tree

Tree

Quercus robur grows across Europe, from Iberia to the Urals, and most slab-grade stock comes from managed FSC or PEFC forests in France, Germany, Poland and the Balkans. Supply is broad and EUDR documentation is well-established.

Wood appearance

Pale tan to mid-brown heartwood, often with an olive cast, sitting against narrow cream sapwood. Grain is straight and the texture is coarse, with large open pores in the earlywood. Quartersawn faces show pronounced ray fleck — silvery, ribbon-like figure that is a signature of the species and of Mission and Arts and Crafts work.

  • Pale tan to mid-brown heartwood with an olive undertone
  • Narrow cream to pale yellow sapwood
  • Pronounced silvery ray fleck on quartersawn faces
  • Darkens and warms with UV exposure over the first year
  • Fumes to deep chocolate brown with ammonia; ebonises near-black with iron acetate
  • Straight grain, coarse texture, prominent rays.
  • European Oak grain

    Mechanical properties

    Density (kg/m³)600–720 kg/m³
    Janka hardness (N)4,500–5,500 N
    MOR: modulus of rupture (MPa)95–110 MPa
    MOE: modulus of elasticity (GPa)10.5–12.5 GPa
    Radial shrinkage4.4–5.0 %
    Tangential shrinkage7.8–9.0 %
    Volumetric shrinkage12.5–13.5 %
    Natural durability (EN 350)Class 2 — Durable

    Working with it

    1 = difficult · 5 = excellent

    Works predictably with sharp tooling. Saws and sands well; planing can tear out around rays and interlocked patches, so take light cuts and back off the cutter angle on figured stock. Glues and screws hold reliably, though pre-drilling is sensible near ends. Steam-bends well, which is why it has been a chair and boat-frame timber for centuries.

    Sawing
    Planing
    Sanding
    Turning
    Carving
    Gluing
    Screw / nail hold
    Steam bending

    Drying

    Dries slowly and is prone to checking, honeycomb and ring shake if pushed. Tangential movement is roughly twice radial, so quartersawn boards stay flatter in service. Acclimatise slabs to workshop humidity for two to four weeks before flattening, and expect seasonal movement in wide tops — design with breadboard ends, slotted fasteners or floating mounts.

    Finishing

    Takes oil, wax, lacquer and water-based finishes cleanly. Hardwax oils sit particularly well on the open pores and keep the surface repairable. Oak reacts strongly to ammonia fuming, which drives tannins to deep chocolate browns without pigment, and to iron-vinegar ebonising for near-black tones. Fill the grain if you want a glass-flat film finish; leave it open for a tactile, matte surface.

    Durability and safety

    • Class 2 — Durable
    • Food contact safe
    • Dust irritant: wear PPE

    Oak dust is classified by IARC as a Group 1 carcinogen (hardwood dust), so extraction at source, a P3 / FFP3 mask and good shop hygiene are non-negotiable. The high tannin content reacts with ferrous metals and water to leave blue-black stains — use stainless or brass fixings on exterior or damp work, and keep steel wool away from raw oak.

    Best uses

    • Dining and conference tables
    • Kitchen worktops and islands
    • Cabinetry, shelving and built-ins
    • Flooring and stair treads
    • Interior joinery and panelling
    • Chairs and steam-bent components
    • Casks, cooperage and food-contact pieces

    Pairs and substitutes

    Pairs well with

    • European Walnut
    • European Ash
    • Black Walnut
    • English Elm
    • Hard Maple
    • Sweet Chestnut

    Often substituted for

    • White Oak
    • Sweet Chestnut
    • European Ash

    Sourcing and sustainability

    • Grown commercially in Europe
    • IUCN: LC — Least Concern

    Native to Europe and harvested under EU forestry regulation, with FSC and PEFC chains widely available. EN 350 rates the heartwood Class 2 — durable — thanks to tyloses that block the vessels and slow moisture ingress; sapwood is not durable and should be excluded from exterior work. IUCN Least Concern, no CITES listing. Food-contact safe and the classic stave-wood for wine, whisky and cognac casks.

    Buyer questions

    Is European Oak a good choice for furniture?

    European Oak is best matched to projects such as Dining and conference tables, Kitchen worktops and islands, Cabinetry, shelving and built-ins, Flooring and stair treads, Interior joinery and panelling, Chairs and steam-bent components, Casks, cooperage and food-contact pieces. The final choice should consider grain, finish, movement allowance, and the room where the piece will live.

    How hard is European Oak?

    The listed Janka value is 4,980 N and the density is 675 kg/m³. Use these as comparison signals, not as a guarantee of how a finished surface will wear.

    What should I check before buying European Oak slabs online?

    Check measured length, width stations, thickness, drying method, moisture notes, colour variation, defects, and origin. Compare the measured outline against the finished drawing before reserving the slab.

    Current stock

    European Oak pieces available now

    Browse catalogue
    European Oak Live-Edge Dining Slab — 3.30 m, Straight Grain Character
    Verified passport3,300 × 967 × 70 mm
    One of one·KRN-2026-00026

    European Oak Live-Edge Dining Slab — 3.30 m, Straight Grain Character

    European Oak

    €588.00

    Incl. 20% VAT

    European Oak Dining Slab — 3.28 m, Straight Grain
    Verified passport3,280 × 1,056 × 90 mm
    One of one·KRN-2026-00025

    European Oak Dining Slab — 3.28 m, Straight Grain

    European Oak

    €864.00

    Incl. 20% VAT

    Get notified about European Oak

    We email you when fresh European Oak slabs land at KORENA. Each piece is one of one, so early notice matters.

    A few emails a month. No spam, unsubscribe anytime.

    Sources

    • The Wood Database(accessed 2026-05-09)
    • USDA FPL Wood Handbook FPL-GTR-190 (2010)(accessed 2026-05-09)
    • Meier, E. — WOOD! Identifying and Using Hundreds of Woods Worldwide (2015)(accessed 2026-05-09)
    Live-Edge Dining Slab — 3.22 m European Oak, Straight Grain
    Verified passport3,220 × 675 × 70 mm
    One of one·KRN-2026-00024

    Live-Edge Dining Slab — 3.22 m European Oak, Straight Grain

    European Oak

    €384.00

    Incl. 20% VAT

    European Oak Live-Edge Dining Table Slab — 3.26 m, Straight Grain Character
    Verified passport3,261 × 1,079 × 70 mm
    One of one·KRN-2026-00023

    European Oak Live-Edge Dining Table Slab — 3.26 m, Straight Grain Character

    European Oak

    €621.00

    Incl. 20% VAT

    Dining Table Slab — 3.28 m, Straight-Booked European Oak
    Verified passport3,277 × 795 × 70 mm
    One of one·KRN-2026-00022

    Dining Table Slab — 3.28 m, Straight-Booked European Oak

    European Oak

    €439.20

    Incl. 20% VAT

    European Oak Dining Table Slab — 3.30 m, Straight Grain Character
    Verified passport3,347 × 737 × 70 mm
    One of one·KRN-2026-00021

    European Oak Dining Table Slab — 3.30 m, Straight Grain Character

    European Oak

    €414.00

    Incl. 20% VAT