Ulmus procera
English Elm
Rare salvaged hardwood with interlocked grain, wild figure, and exceptional steam-bending behaviour. Hard-won material with genuine craft heritage.
- Kasvatatud ja raiutud Euroopas.
- Botaaniline rühm. Okaspuid on paljasseemnetaimed, lehtpuid laialehised puud.
- Botaaniline sugukond, kuhu liik kuulub.
Saa saabumisel teavitusVõrdluspuiduliik. Praegu pole tükke laos.
Kas see sobib teie projektile?
Sobib hästi
- Live-edge dining and conference tables where wild figure is the point
- Windsor and stick chairs, seats, bows, and steam-bent components
- Curved joinery and laminated bent forms
- Chopping boards and food-contact serving pieces
- Decorative interior cladding and feature panels
- Turned bowls and hollow forms
Puiduliiki English Elm praeguses valikus pole
Sarnased puiduliigid laos
Puiduliiki English Elm praegu pole. Need puiduliigid sobivad samadeks projektideks ja neist on tükke saadaval.
Saa teavitus puiduliigi English Elm kohta
Saadame teile kirja, kui uued puiduliigi English Elm plangud KORENAsse jõuavad. Iga tükk on ainulaadne, seega on varajasest teatest kasu.
Puidu välimus
Kuidas see välja näeb
Heartwood ranges from light reddish-brown to a warmer chocolate tone, often with darker streaks and a greenish or olive cast in some boards. Sapwood is paler and clearly distinct. The grain is interlocked rather than straight, which produces a wild, partridge-like figure on flat-sawn faces and a ribbon stripe on quartered cuts. Texture is coarse and open-pored. Burr and crotch sections show some of the most dramatic figure of any European hardwood.
- Reddish-brown to warm chocolate heartwood
- Occasional olive or greenish cast
- Pale, clearly distinct sapwood
- Darker streaks and mineral lines common
- Burr sections show dense, swirling figure
- Interlocked grain, coarse texture.
Töötlemine
Töötlemine
Interlocked grain is the defining challenge. Plane with very sharp blades, take light cuts, and reduce cutter angles where possible, a 20 degree bevel-up plane or a high-angle bench plane (50–55 degrees) controls tearout well. Finish with a card scraper rather than fighting the planer. Sawing and routing are reasonable with sharp tooling, but expect to climb-cut on figured sections. Turning is enjoyable. Glue-up and screwing are straightforward. Steam-bending is where elm is unmatched: Windsor-chair seats and bow-backs are traditionally elm for good reason, and tight radii hold without splitting.
Viimistlus
The open, coarse pores benefit from grain filler if you want a glass-smooth surface; left unfilled, the texture reads as honest and tactile. Hard-wax oils and natural oils warm the colour and bring out the figure without flattening it. Water-based finishes keep the tone cooler and more contemporary. Sand methodically through the grits, interlocked grain can leave fine scratches if you skip steps. Test your finish on offcuts, as colour shift can be noticeable.
Kuivatamine
Elm has a reputation for being awkward to dry. Tangential movement is high relative to radial, and boards can twist, cup, or distort if rushed or poorly stickered. Slow, careful drying with consistent stickering and weight on the stack pays off. Once stable at service moisture content, it behaves well in interior conditions. Acclimatise boards in the workshop before final dimensioning.
Kui palju see liigub?
Puit paisub ja kahaneb laiuses, kui õhk muutub niiskemaks või kuivemaks. Hinnake puiduliigist English Elm lauaplaadi hooajalist liikumist enne kinnituste kavandamist.
Eeldatav hooajaline liikumine
umbes 9,1 mm
Kinnitage lauaplaat klotside või piluklambritega, mitte liimi ega pingul kruvidega.
Lineaarse kahanemise mudel: laius × (kahanemine ÷ 28% kiu küllastuspunkt) × niiskusesisalduse hooajaline muutus. Kasutab puiduliigi English Elm puhul 8% tangentsiaalne kahanemist. Planeerimishinnang, mitte tagatis.
Kui palju see maksab
Ohutus ja hankimine
- Kasvatatud ja raiutud Euroopas.
- IUCNi punase nimestiku seisund: selle liigi ülemaailmne looduskaitseline hinnang.
Elm dust is a known sensitiser and can cause respiratory and skin irritation with repeated exposure. All hardwood dust is classified IARC Group 1 (carcinogenic to humans), so use proper extraction at the source, an FFP3 mask for sanding and routing, and keep workshop surfaces clean. The wood itself is safe for food-contact applications such as chopping boards and serving pieces once finished with a food-safe oil.
Loe täielikku juhenditPõhjalikud märkmed mustri, värvimuutuse, töötlemise ja stabiilsuse kohta.
What English Elm actually is#
Ulmus procera is defined by one structural property: its grain interlocks. Fibres run in alternating directions rather than parallel, layer by layer through the wood.
That single fact explains both why elm is prized and why it is difficult.
It is prized because interlocked grain resists splitting almost completely. A Windsor chair seat is bored with a dozen mortices close together and then has legs and a back driven into them; in almost any other timber it would split between the holes. Elm does not. The same property made it the traditional timber for wheel hubs, which take spokes radially under load, and for chopping blocks that are struck repeatedly.
It is difficult because the same reversing grain tears out under a plane, every few millimetres, in both directions.
The availability situation#
Dutch elm disease killed most mature elms across Europe from the 1960s onward, and the effect on supply was severe enough that a generation of makers stopped specifying it.
The IUCN lists Ulmus procera as Data Deficient, meaning there is insufficient information for a formal assessment rather than that the species is secure.
Elm has not disappeared. It regenerates vigorously from root suckers, and those regrowth trees reach modest size before the disease reaches them again. Standing dead timber and salvage continue to come to market.
Ostjate küsimused
Ostjate küsimused
Is elm still available after Dutch elm disease?
Yes, but the supply picture is unusual. Dutch elm disease killed most mature elms across Europe from the 1960s onward, and the IUCN lists Ulmus procera as Data Deficient. Trees still regenerate from suckers and reach modest size before the disease takes them again, and standing dead and salvaged timber continues to reach the market. Supply is real but irregular, and large clean boards are scarce.
Why is elm used for chair seats?
Interlocked grain. Elm fibres run in alternating directions, which makes the wood extremely resistant to splitting. That is exactly what a Windsor chair seat needs, because it is bored with many mortices close together and any other wood would split between them. The same property makes elm the traditional wood for wheel hubs and chopping blocks.
Is elm hard to plane?
Yes. The interlocked grain that stops it splitting also makes it tear out badly, because the grain direction reverses every few millimetres. Light cuts, very sharp tooling and a high angle plane or scraper for the final surface are essential. A helical cutterhead makes a large difference.
Can elm be used outdoors?
Mehaanilised omadused
Tehnilised andmed
Avaldatud võrdlusväärtused. Kui allikad erinevad, kuvatakse vahemik ja ülalolevatel skaaladel kasutatakse tüüpilist väärtust.
| Tihedus (kg/m³)Mass kuupmeetri kohta umbes 12% niiskusesisalduse juures. Raskem puit on tavaliselt kõvem ja tugevam. | 500–620 kg/m³tüüpiline 560 kg/m³ |
|---|---|
| Janka kõvadus (N)Jõud, mis on vajalik teraskuuli pooleldi puitu surumiseks. Standardne mõlgikindluse mõõt. | 3,300–4,000 Ntüüpiline 3680 N |
| MOR: paindetugevus (MPa)Paindetugevus: koormus, mille juures tala murdub. | 65–85 MPa |
| MOE: elastsusmoodul (GPa)Paindejäikus: kui palju riiul või lauaplaat koormuse all läbi paindub. | 7.0–9.0 GPa |
| Radiaalne kahanemineKahanemine risti kasvurõngastega toorest kuni täiesti kuivani. Nii liigub radiaalselt saetud saematerjal. | 4.0–5.0 % |
| Tangentsiaalne kahanemineKahanemine piki kasvurõngaid. Nii liiguvad tangentsiaalselt saetud lauad ja enamik planke. |
