Carpinus betulus
Hornbeam
Pale, ruthlessly dense, and famously hard. The wood old joiners reached for when they needed plane bodies, mallet heads, and water-mill cogs that would not give up.
- Pestované a vyťažené v Európe.
- Botanická skupina. Ihličnaté dreviny sú ihličnany, listnaté dreviny sú širokolisté stromy.
- Botanická čeľaď, do ktorej drevina patrí.
Upozorniť ma, keď pribudneReferenčná drevina. Momentálne nie je skladom žiadny kus.
Hodí sa na váš projekt?
Výborné na
- Plane bodies and mallet heads
- Tool handles and chisel handles
- Turned work, bowls, finials, pepper mills, fine spindles
- Joinery accents, wedges, splines, drawbore pins, dovetail keys
- High-wear surfaces, chopping boards, butcher blocks, jig faces
- Gear teeth, cogs, and replacement parts in restored mills
Drevina Hornbeam nie je v aktuálnej ponuke
Podobné dreviny skladom
Drevina Hornbeam momentálne nie je dostupná. Tieto dreviny sa hodia na rovnaké projekty a sú z nich dostupné kusy.
Upozorniť na drevinu Hornbeam
Keď na KORENA pribudnú nové fošne z dreviny Hornbeam, pošleme vám e-mail. Každý kus je jedinečný, preto sa oplatí vedieť o ňom včas.
Vzhľad dreva
Ako vyzerá
Creamy white to pale straw, sometimes drifting to light grey-brown with age. Grain is irregular and often interlocked; texture is fine and even. Almost no figure, no drama, its character is in the surface itself, which polishes to a hard, near-ceramic feel that softer pale woods cannot match.
- Creamy white to pale straw when fresh
- Drifts to light grey-brown with age and UV
- Occasional grey streaking on slower-grown stock
- Almost figureless, reads as a clean, even pale ground
- Polishes to a hard, near-ceramic surface sheen
- Irregular grain, fine even texture.
Opracovanie
Opracovanie
A specialist wood. Density and interlocked grain blunt edges fast. Expect to sharpen often and feed slowly. Planing tears out unless irons are keen and the cut is light; a scraper or sander often finishes better than a plane. Drilling and routing demand sharp carbide. The reward is on the lathe, where it turns to a fine, crisp surface and holds detail other woods crush. Glues and screws well once pre-bored. Steam-bends reasonably for such a dense species.
Povrchová úprava
Sands to a glassy surface if you stay patient and step through the grits. Takes hard waxes, oils, and lacquers cleanly. Stains can blotch on the interlocked patches. Test first. Burnishes beautifully on the lathe; many turners leave it bare or oil-only.
Sušenie
Dries slowly and moves a lot, tangential shrinkage of 11 to 13 percent puts it among the most mobile European hardwoods. Prone to distortion, surface checks, and case-hardening if rushed. Air-dry under weight, then finish in a kiln on a gentle schedule. Acclimatise in the workshop for several weeks before machining, and design for movement in any wider piece.
Ako veľmi bude pracovať?
Drevo sa so zmenou vlhkosti vzduchu naprieč šírkou rozťahuje a zosycha. Pred návrhom spojov odhadnite sezónny pohyb dosky z dreviny Hornbeam.
Očakávaný sezónny pohyb
približne 13,7 mm
Veľký. Použite príchytky alebo drážkované konzoly, na koncoch priečnych líšt nechajte vôľu a pred zostavením nechajte fošňu aklimatizovať.
Model lineárneho zosychania: šírka × (zosychanie ÷ 28 % nasýtenie vlákien) × sezónna zmena vlhkosti. Pre drevinu Hornbeam používa 12 % tangenciálne zosychanie. Ide o plánovací odhad, nie záruku.
Koľko stojí
Bezpečnosť a pôvod
- Pestované a vyťažené v Európe.
- Stav v Červenom zozname IUCN: globálne posúdenie ohrozenia tejto dreviny.
Food-contact safe once finished, which is why it has a long history in kitchen tools and chopping blocks. The dust is a known skin irritant and can sensitise on repeated exposure. Wear long sleeves, run good extraction, and mask up when sanding.
Prečítať celý sprievodcaPodrobné poznámky o kresbe, zmene farby, opracovaní a stabilite.
What Hornbeam actually is#
Carpinus betulus is the wear wood. At 735 kg per cubic metre and 7,260 N Janka it is the second hardest measured species in this catalogue, behind only robinia, and it has a fine even texture with no strong grain direction.
That combination, hardness without a pronounced grain to split along, is what made it the traditional wood for things that get hit, rubbed and worn: plane soles, mallet heads, gear teeth in windmill and watermill machinery, butchers blocks, and cogs.
It is not a decorative wood and it was never used as one.
Reading a hornbeam slab#
Colour is pale, near white to light cream, sometimes with grey streaking. Figure is minimal. The texture is fine and even and the surface has a slight natural lustre.
The characteristic feature of the tree is fluting: the trunk grows with pronounced longitudinal ridges rather than round, which is why hornbeam logs look twisted and why converting them to wide clean boards is awkward. Expect irregular widths and a good deal of waste.
Grain is frequently interlocked, following the fluting.
The movement problem#
Otázky kupujúcich
Otázky kupujúcich
Why is Hornbeam used for tool parts and machinery?
It is exceptionally hard at 7,260 N, second only to robinia among measured species here, with a fine even texture and no pronounced grain direction. That combination resists wear without splitting, which is why it was the traditional wood for plane soles, mallet heads, gear teeth in mill machinery, and butchers blocks.
How much does it move?
A great deal. Volumetric shrinkage of 17.0 percent ties with beech for the highest in this catalogue, and tangential shrinkage of 11.0 percent against 5.5 percent radial is a very wide differential. Hornbeam is not a wood for wide solid tops in a variable environment. It is a wood for small dense components.
Is it hard to work?
Yes. The density and interlocked grain blunt tooling quickly and cause tear-out, and it is heavy going by hand. The fine texture that makes it wear so well is the same thing that makes it resist cutting. Sharp carbide tooling and light cuts are the practical answer.
Can it be used outdoors?
No. Despite its hardness it is rated decay class 5, perishable, and it will rot readily if exposed. Hardness and durability are unrelated properties. For exterior work use robinia, oak or sweet chestnut.
Mechanické vlastnosti
Technické údaje
Zverejnené referenčné hodnoty. Ak sa zdroje nezhodujú, uvádza sa rozsah a v stupniciach vyššie sa používa typická hodnota.
| Hustota (kg/m³)Hmotnosť kubického metra pri vlhkosti približne 12 %. Ťažšie drevo býva tvrdšie a pevnejšie. | 700–820 kg/m³typická hodnota 735 kg/m³ |
|---|---|
| Tvrdosť podľa Janku (N)Sila potrebná na zatlačenie oceľovej guľôčky do polovice jej priemeru do dreva. Štandardná miera odolnosti proti preliačeniu. | 6,900–7,700 Ntypická hodnota 7 260 N |
| MOR: modul pevnosti v ohybe (MPa)Pevnosť v ohybe: zaťaženie, pri ktorom sa nosník zlomí. | 110–130 MPa |
| MOE: modul pružnosti (GPa)Tuhosť v ohybe: ako veľmi sa polica alebo doska prehne pod zaťažením. | 12.0–14.0 GPa |
| Radiálne zosychanieZosychanie naprieč letokruhmi od čerstvého po úplne vysušené drevo. Takto pracujú radiálne rezané dosky. | 5.5–7.0 % |
