Carpinus betulus

Hornbeam

Pale, ruthlessly dense, and famously hard. The wood old joiners reached for when they needed plane bodies, mallet heads, and water-mill cogs that would not give up.

Faigh fógra nuair a thagann séSpeiceas tagartha. Níl píosaí i stoc faoi láthair.

An oireann sé do do thionscadal?

Iontach do

Plane bodies and mallet heads
Tool handles and chisel handles
Turned work, bowls, finials, pepper mills, fine spindles
Joinery accents, wedges, splines, drawbore pins, dovetail keys
High-wear surfaces, chopping boards, butcher blocks, jig faces
Gear teeth, cogs, and replacement parts in restored mills

Níl Hornbeam san eisiúint reatha

Speicis chomhchosúla i stoc

Níl Hornbeam againn anois. Oireann na speicis seo do na tionscadail chéanna agus tá píosaí ar fáil.

Faigh fógra faoi Hornbeam

Seolaimid ríomhphost chugat nuair a thagann leaca úra Hornbeam chuig KORENA. Tá gach píosa uathúil, mar sin is fiú fógra luath.

Cuma an adhmaid

An chuma atá air

Creamy white to pale straw, sometimes drifting to light grey-brown with age. Grain is irregular and often interlocked; texture is fine and even. Almost no figure, no drama, its character is in the surface itself, which polishes to a hard, near-ceramic feel that softer pale woods cannot match.

Creamy white to pale straw when fresh
Drifts to light grey-brown with age and UV
Occasional grey streaking on slower-grown stock
Almost figureless, reads as a clean, even pale ground
Polishes to a hard, near-ceramic surface sheen
Irregular grain, fine even texture.

Ag obair leis

A specialist wood. Density and interlocked grain blunt edges fast. Expect to sharpen often and feed slowly. Planing tears out unless irons are keen and the cut is light; a scraper or sander often finishes better than a plane. Drilling and routing demand sharp carbide. The reward is on the lathe, where it turns to a fine, crisp surface and holds detail other woods crush. Glues and screws well once pre-bored. Steam-bends reasonably for such a dense species.

Bailchríoch

Sands to a glassy surface if you stay patient and step through the grits. Takes hard waxes, oils, and lacquers cleanly. Stains can blotch on the interlocked patches. Test first. Burnishes beautifully on the lathe; many turners leave it bare or oil-only.

Stálú

Dries slowly and moves a lot, tangential shrinkage of 11 to 13 percent puts it among the most mobile European hardwoods. Prone to distortion, surface checks, and case-hardening if rushed. Air-dry under weight, then finish in a kiln on a gentle schedule. Acclimatise in the workshop for several weeks before machining, and design for movement in any wider piece.

Cé mhéad a bhogfaidh sé?

Atann agus crapann adhmad trasna a leithid de réir mar a éiríonn an t-aer níos taise nó níos tirime. Meas gluaiseacht shéasúrach barr Hornbeam sula ndearann tú na feistis.

Leithead an bharr800 mm

Gearradh

An áit ina mbeidh sé

Gluaiseacht shéasúrach mheasta

thart ar 13.7 mm

Mór. Úsáid cnaipí nó lúibíní sliotánacha, fág spás ag foircinn cláir aráin agus lig don leac adhmaid dul i dtaithí ar an timpeallacht roimh chóimeáil.

Samhail líneach craptha: leithead × (crapadh ÷ 28 % sáithiú snáithíní) × luascadh séasúrach cion taise. Úsáidtear crapadh tadhlaíoch 12 % do Hornbeam. Meastachán pleanála, ní ráthaíocht.

An costas

Sábháilteacht agus foinsiú

Food-contact safe once finished, which is why it has a long history in kitchen tools and chopping blocks. The dust is a known skin irritant and can sensitise on repeated exposure. Wear long sleeves, run good extraction, and mask up when sanding.

Léigh an treoir iomlánNótaí mionsonraithe ar phatrún, athrú datha, oibriú agus cobhsaíocht.

What Hornbeam actually is#

Carpinus betulus is the wear wood. At 735 kg per cubic metre and 7,260 N Janka it is the second hardest measured species in this catalogue, behind only robinia, and it has a fine even texture with no strong grain direction.

That combination, hardness without a pronounced grain to split along, is what made it the traditional wood for things that get hit, rubbed and worn: plane soles, mallet heads, gear teeth in windmill and watermill machinery, butchers blocks, and cogs.

It is not a decorative wood and it was never used as one.

Reading a hornbeam slab#

Colour is pale, near white to light cream, sometimes with grey streaking. Figure is minimal. The texture is fine and even and the surface has a slight natural lustre.

The characteristic feature of the tree is fluting: the trunk grows with pronounced longitudinal ridges rather than round, which is why hornbeam logs look twisted and why converting them to wide clean boards is awkward. Expect irregular widths and a good deal of waste.

Grain is frequently interlocked, following the fluting.

The movement problem#

Ceisteanna ceannaitheoirí

Why is Hornbeam used for tool parts and machinery?

It is exceptionally hard at 7,260 N, second only to robinia among measured species here, with a fine even texture and no pronounced grain direction. That combination resists wear without splitting, which is why it was the traditional wood for plane soles, mallet heads, gear teeth in mill machinery, and butchers blocks.

How much does it move?

A great deal. Volumetric shrinkage of 17.0 percent ties with beech for the highest in this catalogue, and tangential shrinkage of 11.0 percent against 5.5 percent radial is a very wide differential. Hornbeam is not a wood for wide solid tops in a variable environment. It is a wood for small dense components.

Is it hard to work?

Yes. The density and interlocked grain blunt tooling quickly and cause tear-out, and it is heavy going by hand. The fine texture that makes it wear so well is the same thing that makes it resist cutting. Sharp carbide tooling and light cuts are the practical answer.

Can it be used outdoors?

No. Despite its hardness it is rated decay class 5, perishable, and it will rot readily if exposed. Hardness and durability are unrelated properties. For exterior work use robinia, oak or sweet chestnut.

Airíonna meicniúla

Sonraí teicniúla

Luachanna tagartha foilsithe. Nuair nach n-aontaíonn foinsí, taispeántar an raon agus úsáidtear an luach tipiciúil do na scálaí thuas.

Crapadh tadhlaíoch
Dlús (kg/m³)	700–820 kg/m³tipiciúil 735 kg/m³
Cruas Janka (N)	6,900–7,700 Ntipiciúil 7,260 N
MOR: modal réabtha (MPa)	110–130 MPa
MOE: modal leaisteachais (GPa)	12.0–14.0 GPa
Crapadh gathach	5.5–7.0 %

Piano and harpsichord action parts

Inlay and contrast bandings against dark woods

Láidreachtaí

Bí cúramach

Native to central and eastern Europe. Slow-growing, often coppiced, and recognisable in the forest by its fluted, muscle-like trunk, the reason for the folk names ironwood and musclewood.

Native, abundant across central and eastern European forests, and listed Least Concern by the IUCN with no CITES restriction. Often a by-product of broadleaf woodland and hedgerow management, so volumes are smaller and more local than oak or beech but the supply is genuinely sustainable.

Hornbeam ties with beech for the highest volumetric shrinkage in this catalogue at 17.0 percent, and its tangential to radial differential of 11.0 against 5.5 percent is very wide.

This is a wood that reacts strongly to humidity. A wide solid hornbeam top in a room with underfloor heating will not stay flat.

That is entirely consistent with its traditional applications. Plane soles, mallet heads and gear teeth are small dense components where movement is restrained by geometry or simply does not matter at that scale. Nobody historically made wide hornbeam tabletops, and the reason was not fashion.

If you are buying a hornbeam slab, buy it for a workbench top, a butchers block, or small components, and let it float rather than fixing it.

Hornbeam is hard work. The density blunts tooling quickly, the interlocked grain tears out, and hand tools make slow progress.

The fine texture that gives such good wear resistance is exactly what resists cutting. Sharp carbide tooling, light cuts, and a scraper or high angle plane for the final surface are the practical approach.

It turns very well and holds crisp detail, and it takes a burnished finish straight off the tool. It glues reliably. Pilot every fastening.

The durability trap#

Hornbeam is decay class 5, perishable, despite being one of the hardest woods here.

This catches people out repeatedly, and it is the same trap ash sets. Hardness and decay resistance are unrelated: one is about cell wall structure, the other about extractive chemistry. Hornbeam has excellent structure and essentially no protective extractives.

Untreated hornbeam outdoors will rot. For exterior work use robinia at decay class 1, oak at 2, or sweet chestnut at 2.

Kitchen and workshop use#

It is rated food safe and is the traditional European butchers block timber. The fine dense texture resists knife scarring and cleans well, which is the whole reason it was chosen for that job.

In the workshop it makes excellent bench tops, vice jaws, mallet heads and plane soles. A hornbeam bench top takes decades of abuse.

Where Hornbeam is the right answer#

Butchers blocks, workbench tops, tool parts, mallets, plane soles, gear and machine components, and turned work where wear resistance matters.

It is the wrong answer for wide decorative tops, for anything outdoors, and where your tooling or your patience is limited.

Not CITES listed and assessed as Least Concern. Common across central Europe and widely grown as hedging and coppice. Timber sized material is less common than the tree's abundance suggests because of the fluted trunk form, so wide clean slabs carry a premium relative to the species' status.

Telling hornbeam from beech#

These two get confused constantly. Both are pale, dense, fine textured European hardwoods sold for similar workshop uses, and a machined board of either looks much like the other.

The reliable difference is in the rays. Beech has broad, conspicuous rays that show clearly on a quartersawn face as distinct flecks and on the end grain as obvious lines. Hornbeam has fine, inconspicuous rays and shows no comparable fleck.

Weight is the second check. Hornbeam is denser at 735 kg per cubic metre against beech at 710, and noticeably harder at 7,260 N against 6,460 N. In the hand the difference is subtle; under a plane it is not.

The third is the trunk. Hornbeam grows with pronounced longitudinal fluting, so the log is ridged rather than round. Beech logs are round and regular.

What the fluting costs you#

That fluted trunk form is the reason hornbeam is expensive relative to how common the tree is.

Converting a fluted log to square edged boards throws away a great deal of material, and the deeper the fluting the worse the yield. Wide clean hornbeam boards are correspondingly scarce.

For slab work, the fluting is sometimes an asset rather than a loss. A slab cut to follow the natural ridged outline keeps a wavy live edge that is characteristic of the species and impossible to fake.

Is it suitable for a chopping block?

It is rated food safe and it is the traditional European butchers block timber, chosen for exactly that use because the fine dense texture resists knife scarring and cleans well. The movement caveat applies in a kitchen, so keep it oiled and away from standing water.

Crapadh toirtmhéadrach	17.0–19.0 %

Marthanacht nádúrtha (EN 350)	Class 5 — Perishable

Foinsí

The Wood Database(rochtain 2026-05-09)
USDA FPL Wood Handbook FPL-GTR-190 (2010)(rochtain 2026-05-09)
Meier, E. — WOOD! Identifying and Using Hundreds of Woods Worldwide (2015)(rochtain 2026-05-09)

Sracfhéachaint

CruasAn-chrua

Cruas Janka: 7,260 N

46 % níos crua ná dair

MeáchanAn-trom

735 kg/m³

CobhsaíochtBogann go mór

Crapadh toirtmhéadrach 18.0 %

OibriúMeasartha

Meán binse 3.6 / 5

Úsáid lasmuighLaistigh amháin

Aicme EN 350 5

An praghas ar adhmad Hornbeam ar fud na hEorpa faoi láthair, in aghaidh an mhéadair chiúbaigh roimh CBL. Tapáil aon phraghas le haghaidh sonraí.

Na lomáin is fearr ar ceant de réir tíre

Gnáthlomáin de réir tíre

Cén fáth a gcosnaíonn leac adhmaid níos mó ná seo?

Is praghsanna ar adhmad amh iad seo. Is í leac adhmaid an gearradh is fearr as lomán, stálaithe ar feadh bliana nó níos mó, ansin seiceáilte agus tomhaiste píosa ar phíosa. Ní dhéantar leac adhmaid ach as cuid bheag de gach lomán.

Foinse: Innéacs Adhmaid KORENA · Sonraí is déanaí 25 MFómh 2026

Féach ar gach praghas réigiúnach

Ní le húsáid amuigh gan chóireáil

Is é a mharthanacht nádúrtha aicme EN 350 5 as 5. Coinnigh laistigh nó faoi bhailchríoch chothabháilte é.

Tapáil lipéad chun na sonraí a fháil.