Carpinus betulus
Hornbeam
Pale, ruthlessly dense, and famously hard. The wood old joiners reached for when they needed plane bodies, mallet heads, and water-mill cogs that would not give up.
- Audzēta un cirsta Eiropā.
- Botāniskā grupa. Skujkoki ir koniferi, bet lapu koki ir platlapji.
- Botāniskā dzimta, kurai pieder suga.
Paziņot, kad būs pieejamsAtsauces suga. Pašlaik noliktavā nav pieejamu gabalu.
Vai tā ir piemērota jūsu projektam?
Lieliski piemērota
- Plane bodies and mallet heads
- Tool handles and chisel handles
- Turned work, bowls, finials, pepper mills, fine spindles
- Joinery accents, wedges, splines, drawbore pins, dovetail keys
- High-wear surfaces, chopping boards, butcher blocks, jig faces
- Gear teeth, cogs, and replacement parts in restored mills
Pašreizējā kolekcijā nav Hornbeam
Līdzīgas sugas noliktavā
Pašlaik nav Hornbeam. Šīs sugas ir piemērotas tiem pašiem projektiem, un to gabali ir pieejami.
Saņemt paziņojumus par Hornbeam
Mēs nosūtīsim e-pasta ziņojumu, kad KORENA būs pieejami jauni Hornbeam dēļi. Katrs gabals ir vienreizējs eksemplārs, tāpēc ir vērts uzzināt laikus.
Koksnes izskats
Kā tā izskatās
Creamy white to pale straw, sometimes drifting to light grey-brown with age. Grain is irregular and often interlocked; texture is fine and even. Almost no figure, no drama, its character is in the surface itself, which polishes to a hard, near-ceramic feel that softer pale woods cannot match.
- Creamy white to pale straw when fresh
- Drifts to light grey-brown with age and UV
- Occasional grey streaking on slower-grown stock
- Almost figureless, reads as a clean, even pale ground
- Polishes to a hard, near-ceramic surface sheen
- Irregular grain, fine even texture.
Apstrāde
Apstrāde
A specialist wood. Density and interlocked grain blunt edges fast. Expect to sharpen often and feed slowly. Planing tears out unless irons are keen and the cut is light; a scraper or sander often finishes better than a plane. Drilling and routing demand sharp carbide. The reward is on the lathe, where it turns to a fine, crisp surface and holds detail other woods crush. Glues and screws well once pre-bored. Steam-bends reasonably for such a dense species.
Apdare
Sands to a glassy surface if you stay patient and step through the grits. Takes hard waxes, oils, and lacquers cleanly. Stains can blotch on the interlocked patches. Test first. Burnishes beautifully on the lathe; many turners leave it bare or oil-only.
Žāvēšana
Dries slowly and moves a lot, tangential shrinkage of 11 to 13 percent puts it among the most mobile European hardwoods. Prone to distortion, surface checks, and case-hardening if rushed. Air-dry under weight, then finish in a kiln on a gentle schedule. Acclimatise in the workshop for several weeks before machining, and design for movement in any wider piece.
Cik daudz tā kustēsies?
Mainoties gaisa mitrumam, koksne šķērsām platumam uzbriest un saraujas. Pirms stiprinājumu projektēšanas novērtējiet Hornbeam galda virsmas sezonālo koka kustību.
Paredzamā sezonālā koka kustība
aptuveni 13,7 mm
Liela. Izmantojiet stiprinājumus vai kronšteinus rievās, atstājiet brīvu vietu šķērskoka galos un pirms montāžas ļaujiet dēlim aklimatizēties.
Lineārā rukuma modelis: platums × (rukums ÷ 28% šķiedras piesātinājums) × sezonālā mitruma svārstība. Hornbeam izmanto 12% tangenciālais rukumu. Plānošanas aplēse, nevis garantija.
Cik tā maksā
Drošība un iegāde
- Audzēta un cirsta Eiropā.
- IUCN Sarkanā saraksta statuss: sugas globālais aizsardzības novērtējums.
Food-contact safe once finished, which is why it has a long history in kitchen tools and chopping blocks. The dust is a known skin irritant and can sensitise on repeated exposure. Wear long sleeves, run good extraction, and mask up when sanding.
Lasīt pilno ceļvediPlašākas piezīmes par koksnes zīmējumu, krāsas maiņu, apstrādi un izmēru stabilitāti.
What Hornbeam actually is#
Carpinus betulus is the wear wood. At 735 kg per cubic metre and 7,260 N Janka it is the second hardest measured species in this catalogue, behind only robinia, and it has a fine even texture with no strong grain direction.
That combination, hardness without a pronounced grain to split along, is what made it the traditional wood for things that get hit, rubbed and worn: plane soles, mallet heads, gear teeth in windmill and watermill machinery, butchers blocks, and cogs.
It is not a decorative wood and it was never used as one.
Reading a hornbeam slab#
Colour is pale, near white to light cream, sometimes with grey streaking. Figure is minimal. The texture is fine and even and the surface has a slight natural lustre.
The characteristic feature of the tree is fluting: the trunk grows with pronounced longitudinal ridges rather than round, which is why hornbeam logs look twisted and why converting them to wide clean boards is awkward. Expect irregular widths and a good deal of waste.
Grain is frequently interlocked, following the fluting.
The movement problem#
Pircēju jautājumi
Pircēju jautājumi
Why is Hornbeam used for tool parts and machinery?
It is exceptionally hard at 7,260 N, second only to robinia among measured species here, with a fine even texture and no pronounced grain direction. That combination resists wear without splitting, which is why it was the traditional wood for plane soles, mallet heads, gear teeth in mill machinery, and butchers blocks.
How much does it move?
A great deal. Volumetric shrinkage of 17.0 percent ties with beech for the highest in this catalogue, and tangential shrinkage of 11.0 percent against 5.5 percent radial is a very wide differential. Hornbeam is not a wood for wide solid tops in a variable environment. It is a wood for small dense components.
Is it hard to work?
Yes. The density and interlocked grain blunt tooling quickly and cause tear-out, and it is heavy going by hand. The fine texture that makes it wear so well is the same thing that makes it resist cutting. Sharp carbide tooling and light cuts are the practical answer.
Can it be used outdoors?
No. Despite its hardness it is rated decay class 5, perishable, and it will rot readily if exposed. Hardness and durability are unrelated properties. For exterior work use robinia, oak or sweet chestnut.
Mehāniskās īpašības
Tehniskie dati
Publicētas atsauces vērtības. Ja avoti atšķiras, parādīts diapazons, bet iepriekšējās skalās izmantota tipiskā vērtība.
| Blīvums (kg/m³)Svars uz kubikmetru pie aptuveni 12% mitruma. Smagāka koksne parasti ir cietāka un stiprāka. | 700–820 kg/m³tipiskā vērtība 735 kg/m³ |
|---|---|
| Janka cietība (N)Spēks, kas vajadzīgs, lai tērauda lodīti līdz pusei iespiestu koksnē. Standarta iespiedumu pretestības mērs. | 6,900–7,700 Ntipiskā vērtība 7260 N |
| MOR: lieces stiprība (MPa)Lieces stiprība: slodze, pie kuras sija lūst. | 110–130 MPa |
| MOE: elastības modulis (GPa)Lieces stingrība: cik daudz plaukts vai galda virsma izliecas zem slodzes. | 12.0–14.0 GPa |
| Radiālais rukumsRukums šķērsām augšanas gredzeniem no svaigi zāģēta līdz absolūti sausam stāvoklim. Šādi kustas radiāla griezuma dēļi. | 5.5–7.0 % |
| Tangenciālais rukumsRukums gar augšanas gredzeniem. Šādi kustas tangenciāla griezuma dēļi un vairums dēļu. |
